Think of it when you see pancytopenia
(or bicytopenia) and splenomegaly without peripheral lymphadenopathy.
From a recent review:
The diagnosis of HCL is not usually difficult, given its characteristic clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features. Most patients have splenomegaly in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a variable degree of cytopenias, including monocytopenia. Typical hairy cells are evident in the peripheral blood on a routine smear (or on a buffy coat preparation) in more than 90% of cases.
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